M2 Disease Frequency Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

M2 Disease Frequency Paper - Assignment Example For example, the incidence of dental caries in the U.S. during the second half of the 20th century was significantly less than the incidence of dental caries in the first half of the 20th century. This can be attributed to the fact that public health authorities began fluoridating community drinking water in the middle of the 20th century (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2001). 2. Prevalence: It measures the occurrence of existing cases of a disease in a population for a specific period of time (Aschengrau & Seage, 2003). For example, researchers in India have found that the prevalence of oral cancer (especially squamous cell carcinoma) is extremely high among the poor (Yada, 2008). In fact, the prevalence of tobacco consumption increased up to the age of fifty years after which it leveled or declined (Yada, 2008). 3. Cause-specific mortality rate: It measures the number of deaths from a specific cause per 100,000 people per year (Aschengrau & Seage, 2003). Tobacco use can cause premature death from lung and other cancers, coronary heart disease, stroke and chronic respiratory diseases. In this context, smoking-attributable mortality rate (SAM) can be defined as the number of smoking related deaths per 100,000 people per year. For example, a recent study in Minnesota has revealed that the smoking attributable mortality rate in the state for adults aged 35 years and above is 215.1/100,000 people (CDC, 2011a). 4. Years of potential life lost: It refers to the estimated number of years that an individual would have lived if he or she had not died (Aschengrau & Seage, 2003). Cigarette smoking has been found to be responsible for one in every five deaths which is approximately 438,000 deaths each year (CDC, 2008). Therefore, cigarette smoking results in 5.5 million years of potential life list in the United States each year (CDC, 2008). 5. Case fatality rate: It is the number of deaths due to a specific disease as compared to the total number of

Class Learning Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Class Learning Log - Essay Example The need of competitive intelligence was identified to develop insight into emerging markets and identify and neutralize the threats so that the affects are minimized. The myths discussed clarified various doubts on the subject. Class 2 The class two was more based on the tools of the intelligence project. The KITS (Key Intelligence Topics) model was described and discussed and its application was explained. The intelligence wheel comprising of planning, analysis, communication, evaluation and collection and collation and distribution of time in each of this phase helped understanding different aspects of decision maker, decision, organizational contacts problems possible to encounter and many others. The focuses on the type of knowledge, prioritization, effective use of intelligence units and others have been explained with great details. The focus of intelligence can be various stakeholders, organizations or events. It can be competitors, customers, regulators or other stakeholders or technology changes, threat of new entrants, opportunities and others. Class 3 This class was for the intelligence and collection of information. The case study was used in this class for the Best Food’s information need like financial information, portfolio studies and the orientation of the senior management. Different types of information, difference of information and knowledge and various other basic concepts were cleared in this class. This class also helped building knowledge about the sources of information and competition of getting right information from right sources at right time. There was detailed information on various aspects of the use of internet sources for information. Class 4 Analysis in intelligence was the key theme for this class. This class was all about making sense of the information collected. The two approaches discussed were the Joe approach and analysis approach. The gap analysis was something covered in detail in the Services Marketing strat egies. This particular aspect was clearer to me from my previous educations. The main aspect of analysis explained were focus on collection, perspective on results, ensures completeness, assists in reducing bias and provides meaning. The analysis instruments covered were software based which help in data mining, checklists or models. The strategic and competitive analysis process as discussed by Fleisher & Bensoussan was covered in detail. This was new and interesting for me. The other interesting aspect was the decision, KIT and analytical approach method. This allowed integrating my previous knowledge to the present learning. Here also I felt as I am studying the things I already know with new approach. Class 5 The last class covered the evaluating capacity in order to develop foresight and intelligence. The four foresight scenarios for 2017 or 2030 were interesting to study. This class provided various strategies and how to understand robustness of strategies, deal with barriers and obstacles and priority action in each of key areas like technology, socio-cultural context, economic and export policy and finance availability. Second Presentation I suggest having presentation on the next course that includes more case study and practical based approach. The presentations so far has been good in developing the awareness and knowledge of what competitive intelligence are, its tool and techniques and many others. However more practice is needed to hone the