Leadership And Management Leadership - 835 Words

Leadership Verses Management The world is made up of leaders and managers. There are leaders and managers in every aspect of life. In many instances leadership and management are referred to as being the same. This paper will evaluate the differences between leadership and management. In today s organizations, leaders and managers are needed in order to operate successfully. Even though managers and leaders are different, they both have many similarities that will be discussed in this paper. Roles of Leadership and Management The leadership role is very important in any organization. Leaders are there to help influence individuals or groups in achieve the common goals of the organization. Leaders need to have a variety of characteristics to ensure that the job is done efficiently and effectively as possible. Leaders must be able to coach the people they are leading. They should also be confident in their abilities to lead. On the other hand managers are like a mirror of a leader. Managers focus on communicating rules, exercise executive, administrative and supervisory direction to the individual or group within the organization. Most managers don t have a personal relationship with the employees. They are there to maintain the task of the day to day operations. It s the manager job to be task-oriented whether than focusing on the people. Leaders need to be creative in order to keep the instance of the individual or group. It is important they know how toShow M oreRelatedLeadership And Management And Leadership1569 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership is about seeking constructive change and management is about establishing order (Northouse, 2015). Warren Bennis (1997) wrote in  Learning to Lead: A Workbook on Becoming a Leader  that â€Å"There is a profound difference between management and leadership, and both are important. To manage means to bring about, to accomplish, to have charge of or responsibility for, to conduct. Leading is influencing, guiding in a direction, course, action, opinion. The distinction is crucial.† (Leiding,Read MoreManagement And Leadership : Leadership1023 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership In Leadership, Leadership, Leadership Are We All Chanting the Wrong Mantra, the authors says, â€Å"Leadership is simply management of higher level things† (McCormack, 2009, p.1) and that the leader manages the vision, people’s perception and their own behavior (p.1). McCormack continues his analysis by saying, â€Å"There are times when leadership simply cannot take place† (p.2). McCormack appears to believe that organizations and universities should not teach, encourage or tolerateRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1146 Words   |  5 Pages Leadership and Management Contrary to popular belief, the terms leadership and management are often thought of as hand in hand, but in retrospect they both have very strong different meanings and are not the same. There are some similar characteristics that can very much persuade some that they align in the same manner. They can be notably known as terms that are used interchangeably in the business world. â€Å"Management is a function that must be exercised in any business, whereas leadershipRead MoreLeadership And Management And Leadership1173 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership is a term that is often misunderstood and misinterpreted in the business world. In the world of CEOs, CFOs, vice-presidents and managers, it is important to distinguish the difference between what is considered management and what is considered leadership. While these two terms are not mutually exclusive, but it is imperative that they are not comprehended as mutually inclusive either. In this context, I will be comparing leadership and management as presented in the college textbookRead MoreLeadership And Management : Leadership1126 Words   |  5 PagesAs we know that, leadership is nothing. But the influencing flowers. Leadership includes three fundamental clusters of skills creating vision, garnering commitment to that vision, an managing progress toward the realization of that vision. powerful and effective leaders plays very vital role to reach the maximum production for any organization. This is why, Organizational renowned scholars have been studying of this very significant topic of leadership for literally hundreds of years. Because.Read MoreLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1550 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of On Becoming a Leader: The Leadership Classic, is best known for, that addresses why there is a difference between Leadership versus Management (Murray, What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?, 2009). Just like most people, I use â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management† interchangeably because one feels that they are probably the same thing or embody the same characteristics. Further discussion will provide details on what leadership is, what management entails, and why they are differentRead MoreManagement Vs. Leadership : Management And Leadership1061 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Introduction Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who haveRead MoreLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1312 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership vs. Management Nowadays, it is impractical to think of an organization without an effective leader, as well as an active manager. The two are much in common as they are essential in the organizational hierarchy, and they are crucial elements in running any business enterprise. However, there are several differences between the two terms. Based on the definition, leadership means the power and ability of a person to motivate, influence, and enhance members to contribute towards the commonRead MoreLeadership Theory Of Leadership And Management1341 Words   |  6 PagesZohrab Mammadov Dr. Betty Rottmann Leadership Theory January 30, 2014 Leadership vs Management Introduction: Leadership - concept has multiple meanings. It can be used in various activity where means something concrete. In a control system, in management leadership possesses a special role. Management in market economy is a management for the purpose of achievement of the highest efficiency of the organization, satisfaction of consumers, receiving the maximum profit. Respectively, each organizationRead MoreLeadership and Management977 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and management are two notions that are often used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two different concepts. The following report will discuss the differences and examine the roles and responsibilities of leaders in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture. What is leadership, and what is the difference between leadership and management? • Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow, i.e. a leader is the spearhead

Eth 125 Quiz - 2636 Words

Final Exam-ETH/125 Multiple Choice (65 questions – 100 points total possible) Choose the most correct answer. Where there is a conflict, the text is the final source. Please write letter next to number. Part A: (Weeks 1 -3 ) ___D__1 .A subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than do the members of a dominant group are called a: a. Ethnic group b. Racial group c. Majority group d. Minority group _D___2 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a minority group? a. It is physically and/or culturally distinctive. b. Membership is involuntary c. It is treated unequally by the dominant group d. It is outnumbered by the dominant group.†¦show more content†¦a. uncritical acceptance of authority b. concern with power and toughness c. adherence to conventional values d. all of the above __A__21 Which sociologist is associated with the normative approach to prejudice? a. Thomas Pettigrew b. Karl MArx c. Richard LaPiere d. Robert Morton _D__22 Which of the following statements about stereotypes is correct? a. White Americans believe generalizations about themselves, although admittedly these are usually positive. b. Subordinate groups develop stereotyped images of the dominant group. c. Subordinate groups hold exaggerated images of themselves. d. All of the above __C _23 On the Bogardus scale of social distance, what is the most inclusive category that is used? Would you be willing to admit each group to my: a. workplace as an employee. b. club as a friend. c. family by marriage d. street as neighbors. __D_24 The obvious way to eliminate prejudice is to eliminate its causes, which include: a. The need to blame others for one’s own failures b. the desire to exploit. c. The fear of being threatened d. All of the above _A___25 Two main agents of social change work to reduce discrimination: _______________ and the _______________. a. the voluntary associations; federal government b. local government; voluntary associations c. mass media, schools d. schools, church. __D__26 The Civil Rights Act of 1964Show MoreRelatedEssay about Eth/125 Week 4 Quiz 21445 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Quiz 2 Week 4 Quiz - Ch. 5 Schaefer (2012) This is a multiple choice/short answer quiz and each item is worth 1.5 points for a total of 60 points. There is only one correct response for each numbered item, and you should use Schaefer (2012) to determine the best response. For multiple choice questions, type the letter of the correct answer next to the corresponding question number on the answer sheet. For short answer responses, type your answer next to theRead MoreEthnicity and Religion Quiz778 Words   |  4 PagesETH 125: Quiz 4 *Ethnicity and Religion* **Please highlight the correct answer. Once completed, save and rename the file with your first name and then upload to the Assignment tab which is due next Sunday.** The following materials are based on Schaefer’s Chapter 5: Ethnicity and Religion 1. The largest ancestral group of European Americans is a. French. b. Irish. c. German. d. Norwegian. 2. Which of the following groups has always been considered White by the English

Frederick the Great free essay sample

Period Final Copy Frederick the Great In Europe, the eighteenth century was a period of intellectual, social, and political development. It was not the time of absolute rulers anymore but it is becoming a time of Enlightened Despots, monarchs who rules with principles of enlightenment rather than absolute monarchy. Frederick the Great was the first Enlightened Despot of Prussia, along with the other rising Enlightened Despot of the time, Maria Theresa . Frederick the Great was one of the most influential kings in European history through his role in modernizing the culture of Prussia, in winning the War of Austrian Succession and in making domestic reforms that helped the people under Prussian rule. Frederick the Great’s childhood was spent in rigorous military training and education and constant abuse from his father. Frederick the Great was born January 24, 1712 in Berlin, Prussia. The abuse Frederick suffered from by the hands of his father was both physical and emotional. Frederick the Great loved music and literature which caused for his father to be disappointed that his son did not like war, as he did. Throughout his entire childhood his father, Frederick William I would do retched things to him such as hit and spit on him when he did not approve of what his son had done. When Frederick was a teenager he decided to escape his torment by his father with his friend Katte. When Frederick’s father discovered his plan he thought it was a conspiracy on his life and put Frederick on house arrest and forced him to watch the execution of his best friend, Katte, as a punishment for attempting to leave Prussia. He told himself that when it was his turn on the throne that he would not be a ruler like his father. Although he faced many appalling things he his childhood they all lead to him being a strong king and ingenious military mind. Frederick the Great made Prussia a more modernized country by adopting certain characteristics from the French culture. He made reforms to the Prussian government which ultimately strengthened it he said that â€Å" a well conducted government must have an underlying concept so well integrated that it could be likened to a system of philosophy. All actions taken must be well reasoned, and all financial, political and military matters must flow towards one goal, which is the strengthening and the furthering of its power†. Frederick created a modern bureaucracy. A modern Bureaucracy is a group of specifically non-elected officials within a government or other institution that implements the rules, laws, ideas, and functions of their institution. Frederick exemplifies that by having himself as the head of the nation and state and only having certain merit officials making the government decisions. In addition Frederick expanded on education with use of more literature and philosophy and he reformed his court. Although his court and government resembled a barrack and they were ran with military precision. Even though he felt strongly against it serfdom due to his not wanting to affect the nobles and ultimately the economy of Prussia. Frederick as well encouraged religious tolerance and partitioned Poland even though he was a strong Calvinist. Frederick was a patron of the arts a philosophy, but most specifically partitioned Voltaire. The socially modernizing of Prussia was one of his main accomplishments. Frederick the Great was known as great military leader. His army was a strong and disciplined one. He was the military commander in the War of Austrian Succession. The war began because Frederick did not like the fact that a woman was the leader of Austria. Aware of Austria’s economic and military weakness he decided that it was time to expand his rule and the territory of Prussia southward into Silesia. Silesia was quite advanced in industry, rich in agriculture and mineral wealth, and it was Protestant. Frederick wanted to be known as a powerful monarch and wanted to show that a woman was not fit to rule a country. Frederick II was also Protestant and having another city under his control would only make his country stronger as he aspires to do. During the War of Austrian Succession Prussia was allied with Bavaria, Spain, and France against Austria, Great Britain, Netherlands, and Russia. When the war was over, Prussia was victorious and gained control of Silesia. Maria Theresa, the Queen of Austria was infuriated that Silesia had been taken from her. Maria Theresa wanted Silesia back because she thought that the land was rightfully hers and she believed that it should be Catholic; this lead to the Seven Years War. This time Frederick was not the aggressor. He did not want the war, but he believed that in order to defend himself he should make the first move. Prussia and France invaded Austria and Bohemia but the forces fell apart because of the lack of unity of purpose and the capability of the military. Due to the failure of the invasion Austria temporarily neutralized Prussia. Frederick the Great also became involved in the War of the Bavarian Succession from 1778-1789. The War of Bavarian Succession was an opposition caused by Frederick the Great’s blockade of Joseph II of Austria to obtain Bavaria. After losing Silesia to the Prussia in the 1740s, the Austrian emperor  Joseph II   and his chancellor Wenzel Anton, Prince von Kaunitz, wished to take Bavaria in order to restore Austria’s position in Germany. When the Bavarian electoral line of the Wittelsbachs stopped because of death of Maximilian Joseph in , 1777, a treaty was signed by his successor,  Charles Theodore, the  Elector Palatine, surrendering Lower Bavaria and the kingship of Mindelheim to Austria. However,  Frederick the Great   declared war on July 3, 1778, supporting the claims made by Charles, Duke of Zweibrucken. on Bavaria. Austria’s ally France refused to assist in the war, and Frederick with Saxony as his ally entered Bohemia, where he was pitted against by an imperial army led by the Emperor. There was little fighting, because each force was concerned with cutting its opponent’s communications and denying it supplies like potatoes. That is why the war is most commonly referred to as the â€Å"potato war† (Kartoffelkrieg). Frederick the Great issued many domestic reforms that modernized Prussia and built it up from the inside out. He continued the work of his father and grandfather to consolidate power by giving the princes a palace in the government bureaucracy. He established religious toleration he even built a Roman Catholic Cathedral in Berlin. Frederick granted individuals protection from the law by speeding up the legal process; abolished torture of prisoners claiming that torturing before execution was â€Å"†¦a horrible and very useless cruelty. However, he wholeheartedly believed in whipping soldiers, as a measure to prevent desertion, and made sentences of death legal only with his personal permission, as in cases of treason and murder. He also equalized the status of people under Prussia’s law. To ensure the correct judgments were made, all of Prussian judges were educated and the courts gained a reputation as the most honest in Europe. These are the reforms that modernized Pru ssia and are some of Frederick the Great’s accomplishments. Frederick’s accomplishments as king other than modernizing Prussia were expanding its territory. He did this through war, mainly the War of Austrian Succession he was also involved in the Seven Years War, and the War of Bavarian Succession. He also established Prussia as a major power in Europe. His developed his government as a modern bureaucracy He introduced law reforms that ended torturing prisoners and equalized the status of everyone under Prussia’s law and he highly opposed serfdom but realized their importance to the economy of a nation. He granted religious freedom, he was a patron of the arts and of philosophy and he was also a partition of Poland. Frederick was known for having fair and highly educated judges and the courts gained an outstanding reputation of being the most honest courts in all of Europe. Some of his failures were, not succeeding to get Pomerania from Sweden and his foreign policy theme was constantly changing. Frederick the Great was an influential king in European history through his role in modernizing the culture of Prussia, in winning the War of Austrian Succession and gaining Austrian territory and in making domestic reforms that helped the people under Prussian rule in the end modernized Prussia . Works Cited: Chris Butler. â€Å"The Rise of the Modern State in Enlightenment Europe† [emailprotected] com 2007. Web. 12. Dec. 2012 http://www. flowofhistory. com/units/west/15/FC101 David W. Koeller. â€Å"Frederick II (The Great) of Prussia Political Testament† 2005. Web. 12 Dec. 2012 http://www. thenagain. info/Classes/Sources/Frederick%20the%20Great. htmll Frederick II. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 14Nov. 2012 â€Å"Frederick II, the Great†. American Military University. 2008. Web. 4 Nov. 2012 http://enlightenment-revolution. org/index. php/Frederick_II,_the_Great Gaines, James R.. Giants, Spies, and the Lash: Life with Fatty. Evening in the palace of reason: Bach meets Frederick the Great in the Age of Enlightenment. New York, NY: Fourth Estate, 2005. 68-11. Print. Lorri, Brown. â€Å"Frederick the Great† 26. Nov. 2012 Web. 12 Dec. 2012 http://suite101. com/article/frederick-th e-great-a36270 War of the Austrian Succession. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/44477/War-of-the-Austrian-Succession. War of the Bavarian Succession. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 21 Dec. 2012 http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/56593/War-of-the-Bavarian-Succession. [ 1 ]. â€Å"The Enlightened Despots† n. d. http://staff. gps. edu/mines/Age%20of%20Absol%20-%20Enlightend%20Despots. htm [ 2 ]. James R. Gaines. â€Å"Giants, Spies, and the Lash: Life with â€Å"Fatty†. Evening in the palace of reason; Bach meets Frederick the Great in the Age of Enlightenment. New York, NY: Fourth Estate, 2005. 68-111. Print. [ 3 ]. Frederick the Great. Political testament in Europe in Review, eds. George L. Mosse et al. (Chicago: Rand MacNally, 1957), pp. 110-112. Reprinted in Dennis Sherman, ed. , Western Civilization: Sources, Images, and Interpretations, Vol. II, (New York; McGraw-Hill, 1995) pp. 41-42 [ 4 ]. Chis Butler â€Å"The Rise of the Modern State in Enlightenment Europe† [emailprotected] com lt; http://www. flowofhistory. com/units/west/15/FC101gt; [ 5 ]. Lorri, Brown. â€Å"Frederick the Great† 26. Nov. 2012 Web. 12 Dec. 2012 http://suite101. com/article/frederick-the-great-a36270 [ 6 ]. War of the Austrian Succession. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 . [ 7 ]. War of the Austrian Succession. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 [ 8 ]. War of the Bavarian Succession. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 21 Dec. 2012 [ 9 ]. Lorri, Brown. â€Å"Frederick the Great† 26. Nov. 2012 Web. 12 Dec. 2012 http://suite101. com/article/frederick-the-great-a36270 [ 10 ]. Frederick II. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 14Nov. 2012 [ 11 ]. David W. Koeller. â€Å"Frederick II (The Great) of Prussia Political Testament† 2005. Web. 12 Dec. 2012 http://www. thenagain. info/Classes/Sources/Frederick%20the%20Great. htmll [ 12 ]. Frederick II. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. , 2012. Web. 14Nov. 2012

The Effects of Playing Online Games and Using Internet to Teenagers and Young Adults Nowadays free essay sample

THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING ONLINE GAMES AND USING INTERNET TO TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS NOWADAYS A Term Paper presented to the English Faculty of the College of Business Education and Administration, New Era University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Business Administration By: Gemmie F. Juachon Novelyn M. Plan Charisse Gail M. Ponte Fhelnan V. Gallano March 2009 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The researchers express their sincerest gratitude to all individuals who, in one way or another contributed to the completion of this work. To all whose help and support were instrumental in the academic fulfillment of this piece of work in preparing and completing this term paper, this acknowledgement is due. Prof. Joana Marie Diaz, the researchers’ adviser, for extending valuable assistance and support, her insights, time and expertise in giving direction and guidance which hastened the completion of this study. To the researchers’ dear parents, who supported and continuously gave encouragements for the researchers to go on. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Playing Online Games and Using Internet to Teenagers and Young Adults Nowadays or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All who in one way or another had given their moral support to finish the piece of work. Above all, our Almighty God, for endowing the researchers the knowledge and wisdom, strength and a helping hand to undertake a difficult task and to make this study a success. G. N. C. F. Dedication The researchers humbly dedicate this endeavor to their parents who are always there for them every time they needed them the most and who have earnestly motivated and serve as their inspirations in conducting this research. Their friends for their love, support and encouragement, for without them, this work would have been meaningless†¦ Above all, to the Dearest Almighty Father for the guidance, wisdom, good health and blessings, He always bestows the researchers. G. N. C. F. THESIS ABSTRACT Title: THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING ONLINE GAMES AND USING INTERNET TO TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS NOWADAYS Researchers:Gemmie F. Juachon Novelyn M. Plan Charisse Gail M. Ponte Fhelnan V. Gallano Course:Bachelor of Science Business Administration Major:Business Management School:New Era University Year:March 2009 Adviser:Mrs. Joana Marie Diaz STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aimed to determine the effects of playing online games and using the internet to teenagers and young adults nowadays. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the teenagers/young adults – participants in terms of: 1. age 2. gender 3. awareness in internet/online game addiction 4. length of time using the internet 5. frequency of playing online games or surfing the net 2. What are the reasons for playing online games and surfing the net for the respondents? 3. Does the internet and online gaming addiction just as dangerous as substance addiction? . What are the advantages and the disadvantages of playing online games and surfing the internet? 5. What are the causes of obsessive use of internet and online gaming? SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The researchers attained the following summary of findings which were created on the statement of the problem. 1. What is the profile of the teenagers/young adults – participants in te rms of: 1. Age. The participants’ average age is 17 years old. 2. Gender. There are more males involved rather than females. 3. Awareness in internet/online game addiction. The teens and young adults today are aware about this kind of addiction and they believe that cyber-addiction is a heavy use of Internet, nevertheless almost all of them believe that cyber-addiction does not need treatment and medicine. 4. Length of time using the internet. Most of the teenagers use the Internet two to three hours in a day, which is a reasonable number of hours, and few of them don’t use the Internet four to five hours a day. 5. Frequency of playing online games or surfing the net. Most of the respondents agreed that using Internet is just some days in the week and few of the respondents agreed that Internet is used daily. . What are the reasons/purpose for playing online games and surfing the net for the respondents? The major reason or purpose of online gaming is for entertainment while in internet surfing, its major reason or purpose is for chatting and emails. 3. Does the internet and online gaming addiction just as dangerous as substance addiction? The cy ber-addiction is at the same level with drug addiction. Though it is less violent and easier to treat, but the effects are the same in terms of physical and mental. 4. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of playing online games and surfing the internet? The major advantage of playing online games and surfing the net is to relief stress and to entertain. While the disadvantages of these are the possibility to get addicted to these activities and neglect other activities which are more important especially their priorities in schools and families. 5. What are the causes of obsessive use of internet and online gaming? There are two factors that cause cyber-addiction; psychological factors and social factors. Under the psychological factors are loneliness, anxiety, stress, epression, and self-consciousness. While under in social factors are peer influence, making friends or â€Å"virtual friends†, and social relationships that affect the need for them to play. CONCLUSION From the summary of finding, the researchers arrived at the following conclusions: 1. The Internet is not the enemy just because people become hooked on it. It has many important and necessary benefits. It is fast, ecologically sound, convenient, and informative. In many ways it makes our lives much simpler. In many ways it makes our lives more complex. The Internet provides an escape from reality and everyday problems just like alcohol or drugs. 2. Addiction is still an addiction, either by chemical or technical. And all kinds of addiction may affect any individual’s life including the environment and other people that surround him. 3. Internet addiction is the same with other tangible addictions like alcohol and drugs. Though it is less violent, the causes, results and the effects are the same. Both are causes of psychological and social factors and they are led to physical and mental disorders. 4. More males are prone into obsession in playing online games. Based on the studies of researchers in Stanford University that the part of the brain that generates rewarding feelings is more activated in men than women. But women are more likely to become addicted in other types of application such as chatting, instant messaging and online shopping. 5. Positively, the teenagers and young adults today are aware about the bad effects of internet. And they still know what are their priorities in life; their studies, families and friends. 6. Online games and internet surfing are not just a hobby or for ntertainment as most of the respondents use in this study suppose, but, it is meant for building a new persona to create a new life virtually and to create new friends. RECOMMENDATION The following recommendations were formulated by the researchers. To the Administrators, they should coordinate with the internet shop owners outside the school campus to monitor the students with their online activities to prevent such addiction. They could also give restrictions to the minor students, especially high school and grade levels, that they should use the internet after their school hours. To the Parents, they should give limitation to their children in using the internet and find a way how to monitor their online activities. To the Students, they must control their usage in internet. They may also discipline themselves by practicing time management and with this way; they can improve their study habits, lifestyle and preparation for their future. To the Internet shops owners, they may have notifications in their shops saying that the minors are not allowed to play during their school hours. And they must also establish their shops with estimation of 50 meters away from schools. TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGES Title Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i Acknowledgment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ii Dedication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. iii Thesis Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. iv Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦xii List of Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. xiv List of Figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. xiv List of Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. xv Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦.. 1 Statement of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Null Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 3 Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Scope and Delimitation of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Definition of Terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦8 Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 8 Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 Relevance of Literature and Studies Reviewed to the Present Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 16 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 17 Chapter 3 METHODS OF RESEARCH†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦18 Research Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦18 Sample†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦18 Instrument/Technique†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦19 Treatment of Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 20 Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.. 22 Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 28 Summary of Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦ 28 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31 Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦33 BIBLIOGRAPHY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 35 APPENDICES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦37 CURRICULUM VITAE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 46 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIXTITLE PAGE ASurvey Questionnaire†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 38 BThe Internet Addiction Test†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦40 LIST OF FIGURES PAGES Figure 1Paradigm of the Theoretical Framework 17 Figure 2Gender Distributions of the Respondents 22 Figure 3Age Distribution of the Respondents 15 LIST OF TABLES TABLESTITLE PAGE 1. Level of Awareness of Internet/Online 24 Game Addiction 2The Reason/Purpose of Playing 25 Online Games 3. The Reason/Purpose of Internet 26 4. Frequency of Using Internet 26 5. Hours of Using Internet 27 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND As the world commenced to the modern era, thousands of changes were eveloped in the field of technology and communications. It involves abundant usage of the so-called â€Å"internet†. The internet, which means interconnected network of networks, links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks. It enables computer users throughout the globe to send and receive messages, share information in a variety of forms, and even play online computer games with people thousands of miles away. With the continual growth of technology in today’s information-dependent society, online interaction has become a major influence on the possibilities of addiction. The Internet is a new technology that has influenced the world and has provided many benefits to its users. In spite of the fact that the benefits of Internet have made notable improvements in all fields, some users are becoming preoccupied with the Internet, unable to control their use of this new technology, and are jeopardizing their employment and personal relationships. This is known in the literature as Internet Addiction (I A). Internet addiction or as many specialists call it Internet addiction disorder, is viewed as a problem that is still difficult to be defined accurately (Young, 1998). This kind of addiction can be thought of as time spent on the computer, playing video games, or surfing the internet in which reaches a point of disturbance in an individual‘s natural reality. Similar to addictions that take a non-tangible form like alcohol, cocaine, etc, online gaming and overuse of internet has recently become unveiled as a serious source of mental addiction. These provide addictive means in which many teenagers and young adults neglect more important tasks such as school, work, and other social activities. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aimed to determine the effects of playing online games and using the internet to teenagers and young adults nowadays. Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the teenagers/young adults – participants in terms of: 1. age 2. gender 3. awareness in internet/online game addiction 4. length of time using the internet 5. frequency of playing online games or surfing the net 2. What are the reasons for playing online games and surfing the net for the respondents? 3. Does the internet and online gaming addiction just as dangerous as substance addiction? 4. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of playing online games and surfing the internet? 5. What are the causes of obsessive use of internet and online gaming? NULL HYPOTHESES Psychological and social factors are probably the main causes to excessive use of internet and online gaming. Social factors include peer pressure and social relationships that affect the need for teenagers to play. Loneliness and faulty relationships may lead to clinical psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety. And because online games and internet surfing allow the young adults to free themselves from the real world, people who become addicted to these must be dissatisfied with the reality or socially uneasy. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study is very timely as the use of internet is part of daily phenomenon nowadays. This study hopes to benefit students, parents, administrations, internet shops owners and future researchers. The administrations may make use of findings of the study as bases for reviewing the limitation of internet shops that provide online gaming outside the schools and may formulate action regarding these. The students may be benefited in concentrating more on their studies and may use their vacant time in more relevant and other social activities. The parents may gain awareness and insights on how they can develop responsibility among their children in the use of computers/internet. Internet shops owners may utilize the findings to improve their service to the public. Future researchers may use this study as basis in conducting future research on online gaming and internet addiction and may pave the way for its improvement. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study is limited to the effects of online gaming and using the internet to teenagers and young adults of ages 13-21 at the Barangay New Era, Quezon City. DEFINITION OF TERMS Addiction is compulsive, continued use of a substance or behavior known by the user to be harmful. It is a brain disease that manifests as compulsive behavior. Computer addiction is a compulsive use of computers. The internet/net is a system of networks that connects computers around the globe. Internet addiction/cyber-addiction is a obsessive use of the Internet or online games; problematic Internet use. Internet surfing is the act of searching the net or internet navigation. Online-games are games played while connected to the Internet. It can be played alone or with other players online. The video game is an electronic or computerized game played by moving images on a screen or monitor. Virtual reality is a delusion of reality created by a computer, existing although not in actual form, that is, a computer image. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents different literatures and studies that were written and conducted which are related to this study. The sources provided substantial information in conceptualizing the study. Literature The subsequent literatures were relevant to the present research, which helped in establishing valid insights that were inferred by the teacher. Local. Addiction is addiction. The symptoms are the same as any addiction. These kids are becoming addicted to the Internet or Computer Games in much that same way that others became addicted to drugs or alcohol which result in academic, social, and occupational impairment. Although computer addiction is the lesser evil compared to drug addiction, it nevertheless takes away the priorities of these children. Even if they are done with their homework, they should be reading books. (Oliva, 2008) â€Å"How much is too much? That is a good question. I don’t know if there are rules on how much time on the internet is excessive. Here are some signs for me personally that you’ve gone overboard with going on line: ? First, you go more online than out with friends. ? Second, you turn down most invitation from friends to go out just because you want to go online ? Third, you have more quality time with people on the internet than with your non-virtual friends and family members Fourth, when you need to get glasses because you ruined your eyes looking into your computer screen for hours and hours. ? Fifth, when most of what you talk about are not shared experiences with actual people you know but conversations in chatrooms with your virtual friends ? Sixth, when you spend weekend after weekend after weekend in front of your PC instead of going out with either family or friends and l astly, ? Seventh, when you don’t really have a life to speak of outside of cyberspace† (Chico and Delle, 2006). Foreign. â€Å"Addiction is a behavior pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by overwhelming involvement ith the use of a drug and the securing of the supply, as well as the tendency to relapse after completion of withdrawal. † (Noyes, 2007) â€Å"Addiction is a compulsion to engage in unhealthy or detrimental behavior. It is usually a desire for drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or alcohol. There are other forms of addiction, it is not limited to the substance that are ingested or injected. A hobby or a job can be the object of an addiction. Some of these addictions are difficult to define and may seem harmless enough, but they can destroy the lives of these who cannot escape them. Psychological problem may lead the individual into addiction. The need for instant gratification, a feeling of being socially ostracized, and an inability to cope with the â€Å"downs† of life all have been cited as possible springboards to addiction. † (Blaser, 1996) â€Å"Like all other addictions, Internet addiction is a psycho physiological disorder involving tolerance, withdrawal symptoms (especially, tremors, anxiety, and moodiness), affective disturbances (depression, irritability), and interruption of social relationships (a decline or loss, either in quality or quantity). Researchers at the University of Rochester and Immersive Inc. nvestigated what motivates gamers to continue playing video games. According to lead investigator Richard Ryan, they believe that players play for more reasons than just mere fun. Ryan, a motivational psychologist at Rochester, says that many video games can satisfy some basic psychological needs and often players continue to play b ecause of rewards, freedom, and often a connection with other players† (LeClair, 2006). â€Å"There are also consequences to be considered, the point of view is that the Internet will cut the users off from genuine social relationships and ultimately lead to impoverished participation in social life. Additionally, Internet use can be a potentially isolating the mediating effect of users emotional and social skills in real life. As a result of the study, they found that overusing the Internet leads to social isolation† (Engelberg and Sjoberg, 2004). Studies The following studies concurred to the needed facts and insights to determine the findings of the present study. Local. â€Å"What are we to do with these kids who have lost their priorities because of their addiction? They will only realize the bad effects of their addiction once they get failing marks. As long as they are doing well in school, they will continue to play or go online. Parents need to draw boundaries once their kids start using the computer or even game consoles. What can the government do? According to the Business Promotion and Development Office (BPDO) of the Mania City Hall, they are not strict when it comes to releasing permits of the Internet Shops since so far, there is no particular ordinance governing their operation. However the BPDO is strict in implementing two policies: 1. That all computer shops must be 50 meters away from churches, schools and government institutions 2. There should be a notice saying that minors are not allowed to play during school hours or from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM. † (Noemi, 2006) Foreign. â€Å"Dr. Brody, head of the media committee at the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, puts forth that the addiction to computer games can be caused by psychological problems. He believes that many addicts want a way to escape reality and then find that they can create a whole new persona on an online game and live their life through their new online personality. Dr. Brody, like others, sees the problem in computer game addiction and believes it needs to be treated on the same level as a drug addiction. However, in some cases it is much easier to treat than a drug addiction. Computer and video game addiction is a disease according to him,† (Backer, 2008; Tanner, 2008). â€Å"In recent research, other characteristics have been identified. The first is feelings of restlessness or irritability when attempting to cut down or stop Internet use. The second is that the Internet is used as a way of escaping problems or relieving feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety or depression. The third characteristic is that the user lies to family members or friends to conceal the extent of involvement with the Internet. And, finally, the user returns repeatedly despite excessive fees† (Egger Rauterberg, 1996). â€Å"A 2008 Study by Stanford University School of Medicine suggests that video game addiction in men may be more prevalent than women when the game concept revolves around territorial control. In a first-of-its-kind imaging study, the Stanford University School of Medicine researchers have shown that the part of the brain that generates rewarding feelings is more activated in men than women during video-game play. These gender differences may help explain why males are more attracted to, and more likely to become hooked on video games than females, the researchers wrote in their paper, which was recently published online in the Journal of Psychiatric Research† (Brandt, 2008). â€Å"There are two reasons that may cause Internet addiction. The first one is shyness, or the fear to meet people and Internet will offer alternatives for people to gratify their social and emotional needs. The second reason is locus of control which was referred to as a set of beliefs about how one behaves, and relationship of that behaviour to how one is rewarded or punished. They also added other important reasons that may cause this type of addiction, such as loneliness, anxiety, depression, and self-consciousness (Chank and Leung, 2004). â€Å"Gender influences the types of applications and underlying reasons for Internet addiction. Boys tend to seek out dominance and sexual fantasy online, while women seek out close friendships, romantic partners, and prefer anonymous communication in which to hide their appearance. Boys are more likely to become addicted to online games, cyber porn, and online gambling, while women are more likely to become addicted to chatting, instant messaging, eBay, and online shopping. It seems to be a natural conclusion that attributes of gender played out in cyberspace parallel the stereotypes boys and girls have in our society† (Young, 1998). RELEVANCE OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES REVIEWED TO THE PRESENT STUDY This study used references that are related to the literature and to the studies. The literature and studies reviewed have been significant in providing information to prove the significance of the study. From all the definitions given by references, they delimit it with the same definition. Addiction is not only for substance and chemicals addiction, it could be a job or a hobby, like playing online games and surfing the net. The fact is, according to Freeman, it is a psychological disorder involving tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, affective disturbances, and interruption of social relationships. THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Figure1. Paradigm of the Theoretical Framework The framework of this study is along the concept that the causes of obsessive use of internet or online games and internet addiction are psychological and social factors. Chapter 3 METHODS OF RESEARCH This chapter discusses the research design, the choice of the respondents, the instrument used in the study and its construction. It also describes how the research was administered, in order to obtain the needed data relevant to the study. It discusses how the study was undertaken using the appropriate research methods. RESEARCH DESIGN The research design is descriptive in nature because it describes the profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, reason for surfing the internet and online gaming, length of time using the net, and frequency of surfing/playing in a day. SAMPLE The researchers conducted the study with teenagers and young adults with the age of 13-20, playing or using internet in the computer shops/internet cafes inside the Barangay New Era. The total number of respondents is 50. Most of them are students studying at New Era University. INSTRUMENT/TECHNIQUE In order to gather information needed to answer research questions, the researchers used a self constructed survey questionnaire to gather data on the profile of the respondents as to age, gender, awareness in internet/online game addiction, reason for surfing the internet and online gaming, length of time using the net, and frequency of surfing/playing in a day. Survey/Questionnaire. A questionnaire is a direct way of knowing the respondents’ feelings, experiences, thoughts and motives behind their behavior. It is the term used for almost any kind of instrument that has questions or items to which an individual responds. The first part lists down the profile of the respondents, which include name, age, gender, and their favorite online games or websites The second part consists of a series of questions of awareness about internet addiction, reasons for playing online games or surfing the internet, length of time playing/using the net, frequency of surfing/playing in a day and what advice/s does the respondents can give regarding with these matters. Construction of the Instrument. In constructing the instrument used in their study, the researchers read several literatures, articles and other previous researches about addiction, online gaming, and internet. These readings helped the researcher in formulating the different terms included in the questionnaire. TREATMENT OF DATA This study made use of the following formula to compute, analyze and interpret the result of the data collected from the instrument of the study. To answer the first two problems, frequency and percentage distribution were used. Frequency and Percentage Distribution P = (f/n)(100 P = percentage f = frequency of respondents with the particular variables/characteristics being studied n = total number of respondents Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter presents the data to answer the problems that rose in Chapter 1. The presentation, analysis and interpretation of data follow the sequence of the specific questions the study sought to answer. The survey questionnaires are randomly distributed to 50 teens and young adults inside the internet shops. In Fig. 2 shows that the percentage between male and female is almost the same but still, there are more males because they ae more likely to get hooked in internet surfing specially in online games. [pic] Figure2. The Gender Distribution of the Respondents In terms of age, 17 years old is the highest percentage which is 24% (12 respondents) and the lowest is 15 years old which is 2% (1 respondent). [pic] Figure3. Age Distribution of the Respondents In Table 1, 34% of the respondents believe that Internet addiction is a bad habit, and a high percentage which is 96% of them believes that Internet addiction does not need treatment and medicine. Such percentages may explain that most of the respondents do not consider the addiction as a disease. Some of them agree that Internet addiction is psychological disease and 50% of them considered the addiction as a heavy use of Internet. Beside, only 4% of the students agreed that Internet Addiction needs treatment. | |Yes |No | |Physical Disease |12% |88% | |Psychological Disease |28% |72% | |Not a disease |30% |70% | |Need treatment and medicine |4% |96% | |Need psychological therapy |20% |80% | |Bad habit |34% |66% |Heavy use of internet |50% |50% | Table1. Level of Awareness of Internet/Online Game Addiction The second table analyzed the purpose of playing Online Games. The highest percentage which is 70% is for entertainment. And 78% said that the least reason for online gaming is building up confidence. |Yes |No | |Entertainment |76% |24% | |Hobby |50% |50% | |Making Friends |48% |52% | |Building up confidence |22% |78% | |Escaping from problems |28% |72% | |Peer Influence |30% |70% | Table2. The Reason/Purpose of playing Online Games In Table 3, it canvassed the purpose of using the Internet. Fortunately, a high percentage which is 66% is for the most important purpose which is searching for information, though it is only second to the highest. It seems that teenagers and young adults realized that this is the main purpose of using such technology. Astonishingly, the lowest percentage which is 20% is using the Internet for the purpose of shopping, and maybe this is a result of the small number of females. |Yes |No | |Chatting and emails |68% |32% | |Searching for information |66% |34% | |Shopping |20% |80% | |Reading newspapers |26% |74% | |Looking for researches and references |56% |44% | Table3. The Reason/Purpose of Internet The fourth table shows the frequency of using Internet. The highest percentage which is 48% of the students agreed that using Internet is just some days in the week and 36% of the students agreed that Internet is used daily. | |Yes |No | |Daily |36% |62% | |Some days in the week |48% |52% | |Weekly |8% |92% | |Monthly |2% |98% | |In occasion |6% |94% | Table4. Frequency of Using Internet The last table indicates the hours of using Internet a day. Specifically, 54% of the respondents use the Internet two to three hours in a day, which is a reasonable number of hours, and 18% of them use the Internet only one hour a day. The positive indication is that the lowest percentages which is 12% of the respondents use the Internet more than five hours in the day. In another word, that may ensure that students are aware of the bad and dangerous affects of the heavy use of Internet. It also ascertains that the level of awareness about Internet addiction is relatively high and the realization of the impact of the Internet in general is a known fact for most of the teenagers and young adults. | |Yes |No | |One Hour in a day |18% |82% | |Two to three hours a day |54% |46% | |Four to five hours a day |14% |86% | |More than five hours a day |12% |88% | Table5. Hours of Using Internet Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations for the effects of playing online games and using the internet to teenagers and young adults nowadays. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The researchers came up with the following summary of findings. Specifically, it answered the following questions. 1. What is the profile of the teenagers/young adults – participants in terms of: 1. Age. The participants’ average age is 17 years old. 2. Gender. There are more males involved rather than females. 3. Awareness in internet/online game addiction. The teenagers today are aware about this kind of addiction and they believe that cyber-addiction is a heavy use of Internet, and almost all of them believe that cyber-addiction does not need treatment and medicine. 4. Length of time using the internet. Most of the teenagers use the Internet two to three hours in a day, which is a reasonable number of hours, and few of them don’t use the Internet four to five hours a day. 5. Frequency of playing online games or surfing the net. Most of the respondents agreed that using Internet is just some days in the week and only few of them agreed that Internet is used daily. 2. What are the reasons for playing online games and surfing the net for the respondents? The major reason or purpose of online gaming is for entertainment while in internet surfing, its major reason or purpose is for chatting and emails. 3. Does the internet and online gaming addiction just as dangerous as substance addiction? The cyber-addiction is at the same level with drug addiction. Though it is less violent and easier to treat, but the effects are the same in terms of physical and mental. 4. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of playing online games and surfing the internet? The major advantage of playing online games and surfing the net is to relief stress and to entertain. While the disadvantages of these are the possibility to get addicted to these activities and neglect other activities which are more important especially their priorities in schools and families. 5. What are the causes of obsessive use of internet and online gaming? There are two factors that cause cyber-addiction; psychological factors and social factors. Under the psychological factors are loneliness, anxiety, stress, depression, and self-consciousness. While under in social factors are peer influence, making friends or â€Å"virtual friends†, and social relationships that affect the need for them to play. CONCLUSION Considering the summary of findings, the researchers arrived at the following conclusions: 1. The Internet is not the enemy just because people become hooked on it. It has many important and necessary benefits. It is fast, ecologically sound, convenient, and informative. In many ways it makes our lives much simpler. In many ways it makes our lives more complex. The Internet provides an escape from reality and everyday problems just like alcohol or drugs. 2. Addiction is still an addiction, either by chemical or technical. And all kinds of addiction may affect any individual’s life including the environment and other people that surround him. 3. Internet addiction is the same with other tangible addictions like alcohol and drugs. Though it is less violent, the causes, results and the effects are the same. Both are causes of psychological and social factors and they are led to physical and mental disorders. 4. More males are prone into obsession in playing online games. Based on the studies of researchers in Stanford University that the part of the brain that generates rewarding feelings is more activated in men than women. But women are more likely to become addicted in other types of application such as chatting, instant messaging and online shopping. 5. Positively, the teenagers and young adults today are aware about the bad effects of internet. And they still know what are their priorities in life; their studies, families and friends. 6. Online games and internet surfing are not just a hobby or for entertainment as most of the respondents use in this study suppose, but, it is meant for building a new persona to create a new life virtually and to create new friends. RECOMMENDATION The following recommendations were formulated by the researchers. To the Administrators, they should coordinate with the internet shop owners outside the school campus to monitor the students with their online activities to prevent such addiction. They could also give restrictions to the minor students, especially high school and grade levels, that they should use the internet after their school hours. To the Parents, they should give limitation to their children in using the internet and find a way how to monitor their online activities. To the Students, they must control their usage in internet. They should discipline themselves by practicing time management and with this way; they can improve their study habits, lifestyle and preparation for their future. They may also examine themselves if they are addicted to online games and internet by answering such quiz or tester that determines the level of addiction. (See Appendix B) To the Internet shops owners, they may have notifications in their shops saying that the minors are not allowed to play during their school hours. And they must also establish their shops with estimation of 50 meters away from schools. REFERENCES Backer, Erin. Child and adolescent psychiatrists react to AMA recommendation on video games. 7 May 2008. Blaser, Larry. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Gale Research Publisher, 1996. Brandt, Michelle. Video games activate reward regions of brain in men more than women. 7 May 2008. Chank, K, and Leung, L. Shyness and locus of control as predictors of Internet addiction and Internet use. Cyber Psychology and Behavior. 2004. Delle, Chico and. Dellemar Says Manila Bulletin. February 2006. Egger, O and Rauterberg, M. Internet Behavior and Addiction. October 2005 . Engelberg, E and Sjoberg, L. Internet use, social skilss, and adjustment. Cyber Psychology and Behavior. Jennifer, LeClaire. Warning Signs Appear Along Road to Video Game Addiction Tech News World. 13 September 2006. Devhard ware Website. 25 June 2007 . Noemi. Computer Game and Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder. 2006. . Noyes, Katherine. Docs Retreat From Video Game Addiction Diagnosis Tech News World. 25 June 2007. Devhard ware Website. 27 June 2007 . Oliva, Erwin. BSA-backed website promotes cyber ethics. Inquirer Daily Newspaper W ebsite. 23 February 2008 Tanner, Lindsey. Is video addiction a mental disorder? 7 May 2008. Young, K. Internet Addiction, the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyber Psychology and Behavior. APPENDIX A – Survey Questionnaire TO THE RESPONDENTS, We are conducting a study entitled â€Å"THE EFFECTS OF PLAYING ONLINE GAMES AND USING INTERNET TO TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS NOWADAYS†. In this regard, we would like to request for your kind help filling up this questionnaire. Rest assured that all information will be treated with utmost confidentiality. Thank You! GEMMIE F. JUACHON NOVELYN M. PLAN CHARISSE GALE M. PONTE FHELNAN V. GALLANO BSBA- Student, New Era University Name (optional):______________________________Age: ____ Favorite online game/website: __________________Gender: ____ _________________________________ INSTRUCTION: Please fill up ALL blanks as truthfully and as accurately as you can. Put ( for yes and ( for no. 1. What is internet/online game addiction? __ Physical disease__ Need psychological therapy __ Psychological disease__ Bad habit __not a disease__ Heavy use of Internet __ Need treatment and medicine 2. What are the reasons/purposes of playing online games and surfing the net? Online games Internet Surfing __Entertainment__ Chatting and emails __Hobby__ searching for information __Making friends__ Shopping __Building up confidence__ Reading newspapers __Escaping from problems__ looking for researches and __Peer Influencereferences . How often do you use internet to surf/play? __Daily__ monthly __Some days in the week__in occasion __Weekly 4. How often do you use internet to surf/play in a day? __ One Hour in a day__ More than five hours a day __ Two to three hours a day__ Four to five hours a day 5. What advices can you give to those who have hooked or addicted to internet s urfing and online gaming? State it clearly and briefly. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Thank you! God Bless! APPENDIX B – The Internet Addiction Test The Internet Addiction Test is the first validated and reliable measure of addictive use of the Internet. Developed by Dr. Young (1998), the IAT is a 20-item questionnaire that measures mild, moderate, and severe levels of Internet Addiction. To assess the level of addiction, answer the following questions using this scale: 1 = Rarely 2 = Occasionally 3 = Frequently 4 = Often 5 = Always. 1. How often do you find that you stay on-line longer than you intended? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 2. How often do you neglect household chores to spend more time on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 3. How often do you prefer the excitement of the Internet to intimacy with your partner? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 4. How often do you form new relationships with fellow on-line users? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 5. How often do others in your life complain to you about the amount of time you spend on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 6. How often do your grades or school work suffers because of the amount of time you spend on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 7. How often do you check your e-mail before something else that you need to do? 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 8. How often does your job performance or productivity suffer because of the Internet? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 9. How often do you become defensive or secretive when anyone asks you what you do on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 10. How often do you block out disturbing thoughts about your life with soothing thoughts of the Internet? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 11. How often do you find yourself anticipating when you will go on-line again? 1. 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 12. How often do you fear that life without the Internet would be boring, empty, and joyless? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 13. How often do you snap, yell, or act annoyed if someone bothers you while you are on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 14. How often do you lose sleep due to late-night log-ins? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 15. How often do you feel preoccupied with the Internet when off-line, or fantasize about being online? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 16. How often do you find yourself saying just a few more minutes when on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 17. How often do you try to cut down the amount of time you spend on-line and fail? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 18. How often do you try to hide how long you’ve been on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 19. How often do you choose to spend more time on-line over going out with others? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply 20. How often do you feel depressed, moody, or nervous when you are offline, which goes away once you are back on-line? 1 2 3 4 5 Does Not Apply After answering all the questions, add the numbers that selected for each response to obtain a final score. The higher score, the greater the level of addiction and the problems in Internet usage causes. Here’s a general scale to help measure scores: 20 49 points: You are an average on-line user. You may surf the Web a bit too long at times, but you have control over your usage. 0 -79 points: You are experiencing occasional or frequent problems because of the Internet. You should consider their full impact on your life. 80 100 points: Your Internet usage is causing significant problems in your life. You should evaluate the impact of the Internet on your life and address the problems directly caused by your Internet usage. CURRICUL UM VITAE NAME: Gemmie F. Juachon Personal Data**************************************************************Nick Name: Gemy, Gemay, Faith Age: 18 years old Date of Birth: January 2, 1992 Status: Single Address: 335 Sagana Condo, New Era, Central Ave. Quezon City E-mail Add: [emailprotected] com. ph [emailprotected] com. ph Contact #: 09065932511 Educational Attainment************************************************** College: 1st Year College, BSBA-Management, New Era University – present. Secondary: 1st -4th year, New Era University – 2004-2008. Elementary: Grade 1-2, New Era Elementary School – 1999-2001 Grade 3, Sto. Rosario Elementary School – 2001-2002 Grade 4-6, New Era University – 2002-2004 NAME: Novelyn M. Plan Personal Data**************************************************************Nick Name: Novie Age: 19 years old Date of Birth: November 27, 1990 Status: Single Address: Blk. 60 Lot 1 Tagumpay, Rodriguez, Rizal E-mail Add: [emailprotected] com Contact #: 09062445804 Educational Attainment************************************************** College: 1st Year College, BSBA-Management, New Era University – 2008-present. Secondary: Apayao Science High School – 2004- 2008 Elementary: Grade 1, Flora Elem. School – 1998-1999 Grade 2, Pata Elem. School – 1999-2000 Grade 3-4, Sta. Maria Primary School – 2000-2002 Grade 5-6, Bacsay Elem. School – 2002-2004 NAME: Charisse Gail M. Ponte Personal Data**************************************************************Nick Name: Cha, Gail, Cha-cha, CG, Charotz, Charita Age: 18 years old Date of Birth: August 6, 1991 Status: Single Address: #3 Tanguile st. Feria Rd. Old Balara Diliman, Q. C. E-mail Add: [emailprotected] com Contact #: 09059214208 Educational Attainment************************************************** College: 1st Year College, BSBA-Management, New Era University – 2008-present. Secondary: New Era High School – 2004-2008 Elementary: Milaor Central School – 1999-2004 NAME: Fhelnan V. Gallano Personal Data**************************************************************Nick Name: Cards Age: 23 years old Date of Birth: September 3, 1985 Status: Single Address: Blk. 89 Lot 14 Tagumpay, Rodriguez, Rizal E-mail Add: [emailprotected] com Contact #: 09194882659 Educational Attainment************************************************** College: 2nd Year College, BSBA-Legal Management, New Era University Secondary: New Era High School Elementary: Sta. Cruz Talisay, Camarines Norte Psychological Factors Social Factors Online games/ Internet Addiction

Hand Gestures Around the World and Their Meanings

Hand Gestures Around the World and Their Meanings If you’re looking to travel abroad, it can seem stressful dealing with the language barrier between you and the locals. Learning a new language is not an easy thing to do especially if you don’t have a lot of time to spare. So rather than cramming a bunch of phrases last minute, why not learn how to communicate without saying a single word? The infographic below presents hand gestures around the world and their meanings. All you have to do is master  a few simple hand gestures and identify the one pertaining to the country you’re visiting and you’ll be able to communicate effectively without cramming a ton of phrases last minute.  Source:[BusinessInsider]

The three types of people that have contributed mostly to the success of the movement

II. The three types of people that have contributed mostly to the success of the movement Nature: value not included; requires man There is a growing movement sweeping the western world. It is supported by an alarming number of people; from college students to Hollywood actors and on to politicians. Individuals from every slice of the socio-economic spectrum are involved. Their demands: clean air, clean water, and a slightly curtailed use of natural resources. That, we are told, is the only end the environmental movement seeks. At first glance who could argue that the environmentalists battle for cleaner air and water was anything other than a genuine concern for the world that human beings must call home. We would all be the benefactors of this movement if its true intention were for the betterment of human existence. What may have once started as a well-intended campaign to enlighten the public, in regards to matters involving the environment, has turned into a war against mans very means of existence. Environmentalism has come to stand for the betterment of the environment for the soul benefit of the environment regardless of the expense to man. How did this perversion of a once noble idea take place? Many factors contributed to its demise. Environmentalist took man from his place at the top of natures pyramid and placed him not only outside nature but below it. The movement then demanded of man the impossible task of surviving in the environment without upsetting or altering it. Three different types of people perpetuated environmentalism fall. First and the most terrifying individuals are the hard-core environmentalist that have considered thoroughly the course they run and still hope to see it through to its end. The second type of individual is the person that exploits the environmental movement to further political, bureaucratic, and finical ends. The third type of i...

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What historical events and issues impact contemporary political developments among Native Americans communities in North and South America - Essay Example The Native Americans were forced into ways of life that were common amongst those to the east. This new way of life changed the way Native Americans perceived the new comers and their experiences were not necessarily positive. Some specific historical events that impacted the Native Americans were the forcing of the Cherokee Indians to the west of North America. This event is also known as the trail of tears. â€Å"The trail of tears occurred in 1838†. (Monkeyshines 1999) This is called the trail of tears because the heartache endured by the Native Americans on their journey to the land they were forced to live in. Since the Native Americans were forced to live a way they were not accustomed to this has created a resistance that is seen to this day. â€Å"The Native Americans have trouble showing trust in political figures and this impacts any political advancement.†(Natives 2011) Historical events and issues amongst different types of peoples that consisted of negative events and issues are easily carried into modern day. These issues are carried amongst future generations and put a damper on developments. It is hard for the Native Americans to develop politically when they have so much heartache in their history. Brave Heart, Maria Yellow Horse, Josephine Chase, Jennifer Elkins, and Deborah B. Altschul. 2011. "Historical Trauma Among Indigenous Peoples of the Americas: Concepts, Research, and Clinical Considerations." Journal Of Psychoactive Drugs 43, no. 4: 282-290. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed March 23,

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Young Adult Literature Essay Example for Free

Young Adult Literature Essay In our experiences as teachers or media specialists, many of us have noticed the same phenomenon: adolescent males often tend to enjoy literature less than their female counterparts. Of course, as middle school and high school teachers and media specialists, we have no control over the early reading experiences or instruction a male child receives, and since the patterns of reading behavior have been established long before he reaches our classroom, it may seem impossible to help him become an avid reader. But it is not impossible. In fact, helping a male become an enthusiastic reader may be as simple as offering a kind of literature that will engage him with intriguing plots, fast-paced action, and characters who not only catch his interest, but who mirror the life that he is living. Recent critical studies of the subject matter and themes of young adult literature have included focuses on the presentation of female gender roles (Hayn Sherrill, 1996), readers responses to the portrayal of racial minorities (Chevalier Houser, 1997), and literary attention to teens struggles with spirituality (Mendt, 1997). However, little direct, specific attention has been given to writers portrayals of adolescent male characters in fiction or non-fiction. Nevertheless, the growing canon of adolescent literature has produced a rich base of fiction that both portrays and appeals to all types of males. Researchers have shown that introducing YA literature to males improves their reading ability (Ballash 1994). These findings, however, have also pointed out the bias that many teachers hold against YA literature. Since its inception, generally considered to coincide with the 1967 publication of Hintons The Outsiders and Zindels The Pigman, young adult literature has fought an uphill battle to be given some of the classroom space normally reserved for the classical canon. According to Christenbury (1995), its use is limited mostly to higher elementary and middle school grades, where it is included in curricula as an incentive for poor readers. In this case, the strongest argument for using young adult literature- its readability and high interest level- is also the strongest argument that critics use for not including it in the highest grades. It is my argument that YA literature, because of its range of authors and story types, is an appropriate literature for every adolescent male, whether he be a prepubescent fourth grader, or a college-bound senior who needs compelling material that speaks to him. Aidan Chambers, author of challenging YA fiction and a critic of childrens literature, maintains that every group needs its own literature (Chambers 1996). According to Chambers, adolescents constitute a minority in our modern society, and like any minority, adolescents need a literature to call their own. Chambers even goes so far as to consider adolescents an oppressed group that needs to shed its shackles. To help with the process, Chambers began writing thought-provoking fiction and plays for his teen students in England, even before Hinton and Zindel emerged on the scene. While not as militant in their insistence that adolescents receive special attention as Chambers, others have noted a need for young adults to identify with the protagonists in the books they read (Small 1980). In his study published in Literature In The Secondary School, Applebee (1993) notes that most of the books in the literary canon where not intended for, and do not feature, adolescents. However, the only two books of the 20th century books to crack the canonical top ten, Salingers Catcher in the Rye and Lees To Kill A Mockingbird, both feature adolescent protagonists. Literary theory and criticism have labeled these books with their stamp of approval, and their appeal, for many readers, is far greater. Why? One answer lies in the fact that the adolescent male characters, Holden Caufield and Jem, mirror social, emotional, and spiritual conflicts that our male adolescents are facing. As Hipple, Comer, and Boren (1997), Monseau (1994), and Small (1980) suggest, reading adolescent literature can play a significant role in the emotional and mental health of an adolescent. As teachers, we need to find books that help our young males become more literate. The question for teachers and media specialists is this: Which books are good choices, ones that will draw in young adult male readers? What follows is a short list of young adult novels with male protagonists, sorted by theme. It is likely that many of these books are already on the shelves of middle and high school classrooms, and in students home collections. The list is intended as a beginninga resource that might offer teachers and media specialists a glimpse at the variety of young adult books that they can recommend specifically to adolescent males. The result might be that the males become readers in todays middle and high school classrooms, and beyond. Young Adult Literature for Reluctant Male Readers Nature and Adventure Stories Paulsen, Gary. Hatchet (1987). Brian is flying to Canada in a two-seater airplane. When the pilot dies mid-flight, Brian has to land the plane himself. He is then faced with surviving the wilderness using only his wits and a hatchet. Cross, Gillian. On The Edge (1985). This novel tells the dramatic story of Tug, who is kidnapped by ruthless terrorists, and whose mother is a powerful newspaper publisher. Hobbs, Will. The Big Wander (1992). Clays uncle is missing. To find him Clay embarks on a big wander into the canyons of Arizona. Rylant, Cynthia. The Islander (1998). Orphaned Daniel lives a dull life with his grandfather on an island in British Columbia- until the day a mermaid appears on the shore. Identity Stories Hinton, SE. The Outsiders (1966). This is the classic story of Pony Boy trying to find his identity while staying loyal to his gang, the Greasers. Cormier, Robert. The Chocolate War (1974). Jerry Renault refuses to participate in his private schools traditional chocolate sale, turning teachers and students alike against him. Philbrick, Rodman. Freak the Mighty (1993). Max is too huge to be normal, and Kevin, though brilliant, is labeled a freak because of his physical deformity. These two outcasts form a team to go on adventures within their own hometown. Chambers, Aidan. Dance on My Grave (1982). Hal, a shy but bright kid, is arrested for dancing on the grave of his friend, Barry. As the novel unfolds, Hal reveals his reasons for performing this bizarre ritual. A challenging novel, but one that repays the readers effort. Sports Stories Crutcher, Chris. Ironman (1995). Beau is a superb athlete who rejects popular sports and his father in order to become a tri-athletic ironman. Lipsyte, Robert. The Contender (1967). To escape the drugs and thugs of his Harlem neighborhood, Alfred takes up boxing, a sport that teaches him more than how to beat up someone. Weaver, Will. Striking Out (1995). Five years after his brothers death, Billy leads his family out of mourning because of his newly discovered prowess at baseball. Myers, Walter Dean. Hoops (1981). Lonnie Jacksons basketball skills are recognized by a former pro who teaches him about the game, and about the incredible pressures that go along with it. Genre Stories Lowry, Lois. The Giver (1993). Twelve-year-old Jonas lives in a futuristic world where everyone is perfectly content. So is he, until his visions lead him to be chosen as Receiver, the one person who knows the truth. Tolkien, J.R.R. The Lord of the Rings (1965). This is the epic tale of Frodo the hobbits quest to save Middle Earth from evil. Avi. Wolfrider (1986). Andys life is turned upside down when an anonymous caller claims to have killed someone. Cormier, Robert. Tenderness (1997). It is difficult to cause readers to sympathize with a serial murderer, but Cormier does just that when Eric Poole goes on a hunt for tenderness. Historical Stories Weisel, Elie. Night (1982). The Holocaust is seen through the eyes of young Weisel, who survived the ghettos and concentration camps as a teenager. This short book is certainly not for adolescent readers exclusively, but a powerful addition to secondary school classroom libraries. Denenberg, Barry. An American Hero : The True Story of Charles A. Lindberg (1996). Lucky Lindy was many thingsaviator, grieving parent, fighter pilot, and Nazi sympathizer. Here all aspects of this complex mans life are presented with a fair, even hand. Myers, Walter Dean. Fallen Angels (1988). When Perry cant escape Harlem by going to college, he goes off to war in Vietnam. Works Cited Applebee, A. Literature In The Secondary School. NCTE, 1993. Ballash, Karen M. Remedial High School Readers Can Recover, Too! Journal of Reading. May 1994. Chambers, Aidan. Tell Me : Children, Reading, And Talk. Stenhouse, 1993. Chevalier, M. and Houser, N. Preservice Teachers Multicultural Self-Development through Adolescent Fiction, Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy, March, 1997. Hayn, J. and Sherrill, D. Female Protagonists in Multicultural Young Adult Literature: Sources and Strategies, The ALAN Review, Fall 1996. Hipple, T. Comer, M. and Boren, D. Twenty Recent Novels (and More) about Adolescents for Bibliotherapy, Professional School Counseling, Oct 1997. Mendt, K. L. Spiritual Themes in Young Adult Books, The ALAN Review, Spring, 1996. Monseau, Virginia R. Studying Cormiers Protagonists: Achieving Power through Young Adult Literature, The ALAN Review, Fall, 1994. Small, R. C. The Young Adult Novel as a Mirror of the Teenage World, Texas Tech Journal of Education, Winter, 1980. Young Adult Literature Cited Avi. Wolfrider. Collier Books, 1986. Cormier, R. Tenderness. Delacorte, 1997. Cormier, R. The Chocolate War. Dell, 1974. Chambers, A. Dance on My Grave. Harper and Row, 1982. Cross, G. On the Edge. Holiday House, 1985. Crutcher, Chris. Ironman. Greenwillow Books, 1995. Denenberg, Barry. An American Hero : The True Story of Charles A. Lindberg. Scholastic, 1996.

Pretty Woman Vs. Pillow Talk :: essays research papers fc

The marriage plot has been quite prominent in the film industry over the past few decades. The plot that is characterized by its lead woman â€Å"getting† the lead man and vice versa, has contributed to such movie blockbusters as Pretty Woman and the classic film, Pillow Talk. While both films can be classifies as containing marriage plots, the films share other similarities as well. However, in regards to the marriage plot, Pretty Woman follows the pattern much more fluently and precisely that does Pillow Talk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Julia Robert’s and Doris Day’s characters, Vivian and Jan, respectively, are strong women in their films. They both contain quite a few characteristics such as boldness, confidence, and intelligence that make them very attractive and desirable to their male counterparts. While their professions are quite opposite, the women are similar in their personalities. Jan is an interior designer and her history with men is not troublesome or lacking, but like Vivian, the prostitute, she finds that men are sometimes after only one thing. I noticed that both women are extremely confident when it comes to dealing with men; they both know what they want and what the are looking for in a male companion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The men in these two movies are quite similar as well. Both Rock Hudson and Richard Gere play two powerful men who are popular with the ladies. Although Hudson’s career, a musician, is not typically â€Å"powerful† it does contain benefits and certain contacts that could be considered powerful. These two men both start out with the women practically chasing them. Vivian is paid to be Edward’s (Gere) â€Å"beck and call† girl, and does so willingly not just for the money, but because she is also mesmerized by his coyness, charm and good looks. Jan is attracted to Rex (Hudson) because he is also shy and coy and very handsome as well. Both women are interested in their counterparts for the particular reason that they are not men they typically meet. These men are respectful and somewhat quiet and shy. Each plot takes a turn towards the end of the movie when the women leave them, each for different reasons. Ironically and typical of the mar riage plot, it then become the man chasing the woman. He is to prove his worthiness to her and to dismiss her conclusion that he, in fact, is like all other men they have encountered.

Mass Communication Essay

According to historical evidence, oral exchange of news was the common method of communication in ancient India, whereas the modern medium of communication system was originated since the end of the eighteenth century. The present inquiry deals with variety of sub topics when analyzing Indian mass media. The coverage, popularity, diversification, westernization, commercialization, technology, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, are some of such topics which are deeply and sociologically analyzed in the study. The print media, Radio, TV, and Films are taken into account as comprised of Indian mass media throughout the study. Having understood that the nature of mass media is determined by social conditions, a Herculean attempt is made to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications in association with the society of India. According to study, Indian mass media is a symbol as well as a reflection of India society, which is extremely heterogeneous, diverse, and most importantly, a place of wide range of opinions. These criteria are relative, since the earliest forms of mass media (the printed book or pamphlet) were limited to the minority of a society that happened to be ijc-journal@hotmail. com 20 literate and relatively close to the place of publication. There has been a continuous line of development of technologies since the earliest forms of media (rock paintings) to the latest digital forms that have expanded the capacity, speed and efficiency of transmission (McQuail, 2000). Meanwhile, as Block (1979) argues, mass media refers to methods of message transmission over space and time. Media involves a communication process by which messages are sent through space; both the ijcjournal@gmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 2011;1(1) channels have come into existence and have been attracted by millions of listeners. Moreover, in India, Television made a humble debut when Doordarshan (DD) was initiated in 1959. Today, Television service is available throughout the country, directly as terrestrial TV and through cable operators, as satellite TV. When taking Films into consideration, India? s first Film was screened in 1896. Today, Indian Film industry which is widely known as â€Å"Bolliwood† is the largest Film industry in the world, producing over 800 Films annually. The present inquiry deals with variety of sub topics when analyzing Indian mass media. The coverage, popularity, diversification, westernization, commercialization, technology, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, are some of such topics which are deeply and sociologically analyzed in this regard. The print media, Radio, TV, and Films are taken into account as comprised of Indian mass media throughout the study. Having understood that the nature of mass media is determined by social conditions, a Himalayan attempt is made to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications prevalent in association with the society of India. It is due to this reason that a Sociological analysis is applied throughout the study as it bringsthe hidden realities of Indian society in general and its mass media in particular. Popularity Although it is evident that the overall popularity of mass media has been increasing, it is notable that this popularity varies in different media. In colonial India, print media had acquired an immense popularity among people as the vehicle of 21 sender and receiver devote time within that process (Hornic, Schlinger, 1981). So, in generally, as McQuail (2000) points out, it is not incorrect to denote the idea that the term „mass media? is shorthand to describe means of communication that operate on a large scale, reaching and involving virtually everyone in a society to a greater or lesser degree. It refers to a number of media that are now longestablished and familiar, such as newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television and the phonograph (recorded music). As historical factors indicate, oral exchange of news was the common method of communication in ancient India. As Malhan (1992) illustrates, religions and religious places (places of worship) employed every available medium of communication in that period. In addition, bathing places, tanks, riverbanks, sea shores, chopals also acted as forms of communication. It is also evident that educational institutions equally played a significant role in activating the process of communication in India in the past. The modern medium of communication system is seen to be originated in the land of India since the end of the eighteenth century. The print media came into existence at the end of the eighteenth century symbolizing the first modern medium of communication and information. Indian press today is one of the largest in the world with more than 30,000 Newspapers published with an annual circulation that exceeds 55 million copies. Meanwhile, it is true to state that India was among one of the earliest countries to adopt broadcasting. The cable subscriber base has increased from around 0. 05 million in the early 90s? to around 24 million by 1999-2000. Today, it is possible to view over 75 channels over satellite cable Television. In any case, as many studies do suggest, the prevalence of audio-visual media has not crippled the popularity of films. As Malhan (1992) suggests, even though TV and Video provide most of the ingredients within the home with all the comforts, people still prefer to see pictures on wider screens in crowded halls. In fact, Films provide the most direct communication to the mind and images do not need to be translated to be understood. It cuts language barriers and can be enjoyed by both the educated and the fool alike. The songs and dances in Films are immensely popular among masses and popular Film stars live in the hearts of common people for generations. What is interesting to see is that Western audiences are becoming more interested in Indian Films, which has made Indian Films a global phenomenon. Diversification The diversification has been a notable feature in Indian mass media. This symbolizes the diversity of India? s people. In 2001, India had 45,974 newspapers 22 independent movement and the voice of the people. Nevertheless, it is evident that this popularity shifted to Radio and TV with their emergence as audio-visual media, and this shift is significant after independence. Simultaneously, newspapers made a detachment of the general public. It is true that newspapers today have become a class medium. According to the present estimates, newspapers are purchased and read by less than 20% of India? s total population. Meanwhile, the broadcasting media have the capacity to reach out to the people in every four corners of the country. By indicating the popularity of Indian Radio, Malhan (1992) illustrates, â€Å"as a comparatively low cost spoken word medium, it has become a constant companion for farmers, workers, travelers, sports lovers and for all those who are interested in news, music, drama, quiz programs, farm bulletins, or views of eminent persons on public affairs. Because of its low cost and easy availability, it has been a common man? s paradise, and for people, a symbol of social respectability as well. However, it is incorrect to mention that the existence of print media has been totally paralyzed today, rather, evidence indicate that particularly the book publishing industry has been growing at an exceedingly higher level, with around 10,000 publishers and around 40,000 new titles every year. The domestic publishing market is in fact one of largest in the world today. Since its beginning, Television has acquired an immense popularity as the key media in the world. According to one idea, it is clear that Television is central to the processes of media saturation. Indeed, Television is central to modern society altogether (Abercrombie, 1997). The popularity of Television symbolizes the increase of ijc-journal@hotmail. com ijcjournal@gmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 2011;1(1) large country where many languages are spoken. Each of the larger languages supports its own Film industry: Urdu/Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. Accordingly, the Indian film industry is placed in diverse regions as follows; ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The Hindi/Urdu film industry, based on Mumbai is called „Bollywood The Marathi film industry, based on Mumbai and Pune The Tamil film industry, based on Chennai, Tamilnadu The Bengali film industry, based on Kolkata, West Begall The kannada film industry, based on the state of Karnataka The Telugu film industry, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh based on including 5364 daily newspapers published in over 100 languages. The largest number of newspapers were published in Hindi (20,589), followed by English (7,596), Marathi (2,943), Urdu (2,906), Bengali (2,741), Gujarati (2,215), Tamil (2,119), Kannada (1,816), Malayalam (1,505), and Telugu (1,289). The diversification is also apparent in Indian Broadcasting media. For instance, All India Radio? s (AIR) programs have been diversified over the years. Today, its home service programs are transmitted for 3. 91 hours every year. In addition, there are also external service transmissions which present programs in 17 foreign languages and 8 Indian languages for over 56 hours daily. AIR broadcasts programs for special audiences and occasions. Specific programs are relayed for the armed forces, women and children, youth students, industrial workers, and rural and tribal people. Fourteen stations broadcast daily programs twice a week in regional languages for women with the objective of providing entertainment and imparting information on household topics. Programs on family welfare, a very important information sector for the welfare of the women are planned and produced by 36 family welfare units at various broadcasting networks. These programs are integrated with the general programs as well as those meant for special audiences like rural, folk, women, youth, and industrial workers (Malhan,1992). Indian Television has achieved an immense success in reaching wide range of viewers. The prevalence of over 75 channels itself indicates its veracity. Doordarshan (DD) alone offers diverse national, regional, and local service for Indian Television viewers. The diversification is immensely visible in association with Indian Films. India is a ijc-journal@hotmail. com The Malayalam film industry, based on the state of Kerala What all these factors suggest is that Indian mass media are highly diversified in order to access multitude of people. Commercialization/ Westernization In the present scenario, it has been often put forward the fact that Indian mass media are enormously subject to commercialization and Westernization. This is particularly true with regard to Television and Cinema. As D? Souza (1998) indicates, contemporary film making is a big financing venture more than ever before. It is usually controlled by commercial consideration rather than the demand o the art. Films make no demands on the power of thinking, rather, ignore it for the sake of commerce. This argument is supported by Malhan (1992) when he denotes the fact that the Cinema after independence is predominately commercial so far as feature films are concerned. 23 ijcjournal@gmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 2011;1(1) advertisements or advertorials is disguised as news. Whatever it is, it can be assumed that the process of commercialization and westernization have been in a tremendous enhancement after 1990s than ever before, with the introduction of liberalization and privatization policies. Technology It is crystal clear that all the mainstream mass media in India are under the impact of high technological appliances. As Malhan (1992) indicates, the advanced technologies such as adaptation of satellite communication and broadcasting, electronic printing, electronic and digital technology, extensive use of Tele-communication, internet and computer machinery are enormously benefited by the print media today. Television and Radio too has no exception in this direction. Moreover, Indian Cinema is in extreme use of new and effective technology in the process of Film making, recording and screening. However, as D? Souza (1998) points out, even though India has been using an increasing level of technology, very powerful political and economic forces have gained control over technology in general and communication system in particular. This has obstructed the communication flow from and to the grass root level. What is indeed true is that Indian mass media today are in the hands of few business houses and companies. As Sahay et al (2006) remarks, the most visible change is the growing influence of commercial departments in the media companies in India.